Role of ecological factors and reproductive strategies in structuring freshwater mussel communities
نویسنده
چکیده
Freshwater mussel community composition within two drainage basins in Alabama, U.S.A., was better explained by patterns of variability in the fish community and the type of strategy used by mussels for infecting host-fishes than by patterns of variability in microhabitat. Mussel species richness increased in a downstream direction, and large-stream sites were characterized by a distinctive fauna1 assemblage that was similar between drainages. In contrast, fauna1 composition of headwater sites varied widely between drainages. Patterns of mussel community variation were correlated with patterns of fish community variation but not with habitat. Densities of host-specialist mussels with elaborate host-attracting mechanisms and host-generalist mussels were independent of host-fish densities, and these mussels were present throughout the drainages. Densities of host-specialist mussels without elaborate host-attracting mechanisms were correlated positively with host-fish densities and were absent or rare in headwater and midreach streams. We propose that mussel species dependent on host-fish density are restricted to sites with stable numbers of hosts, but mussels not dependent on host-fish density are able to persist in areas with more unstable fish assemblages, such as headwaters. RCsumC : Nous avons constatk que la composition des communautks de moules d’eau deuce de deux bassins hydrographiques de 1’Alabama @tats-Unis) s’explique mieux par la variabilitk de la communautk ichtyenne et par le mkcanisme par lequel les moules infectent leurs espkces h8tes que par la variabilitk du microhabitat. La diversite taxinomique des moules augmentait quand on descendait les tours d’eau; les grands tours d’eau se caractkisaient par une communautk faunique particulikre qu’on a retrouvke dans les deux bassins. Par contre, dans les eaux d’amont, la composition taxinomique des communautCs variait beaucoup d’un tours d’eau ?I l’autre. Nous avons constat& que la variation taxinomique des communautks de moules Ctait en corrklation avec celle des communautCs ichtyennes, mais non avec l’habitat. La densitk des populations de moules sptcialiskes ayant recours B des mkanismes complexes pour attirer leurs espkces h6tes et celle des populations de moules gCnCralistes ttaient indkpendantes de l’abondance des poissons h&es; ces deux types de moules Ctaient pksentes partout dans les deux bassins versants. Quant ZI la densitk des populations de moules spCcialisCes chez lesquelles aucun mkanisme complexe destink ?I attirer les espkces hbtes n’a CtC mis en Cvidence, elle Ctait en corrklation positive avec la densitk des populations de poissons h&es; ces moules Ctaient absentes ou rares dans les eaux d’amont et dans le tours moyen des tours d’eau. Nous pensons que les espkces de moules dont l’abondance dCpend de la densitk des populations de poissons h&es sont confinkes aux zones oti les populations d’espbces h8tes sont numkriquement stables, mais que les moules dont l’abondance est indkpendante de la densitk des populations de poissons h8tes peuvent persister dans les zones oti les communautks ichtyennes sont instables, comme c’est le cas des eaux d’amont [Traduit par la Redaction]
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